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Wednesday, September 27, 2023

Why Intelligence Tests are Used | Advantages of Intelligence tests | Disadvantages of Intelligence Tests |

 QUESTION  

Why intelligence tests are used? Also, write the advantages and disadvantages of intelligence tests.

CourseEducational Assessment and Evaluation

Course code 8602

Level: B.Ed Solved Assignment 

ANSWER 

Intelligence Tests

 Intelligence involves the ability to think, solve problems, analyze situations, and understand social values, customs, and norms. Two main forms of intelligence are involved in most intelligence assessments:

 • Verbal Intelligence is the ability to comprehend and solve language-based problems; and

• Nonverbal Intelligence is the ability to understand and solve visual and spatial problems.

 

Intelligence is sometimes referred to as intelligence quotient (IQ), cognitive functioning, intellectual ability, aptitude, thinking skills, and general ability.

Intelligence tests are psychological tests that are designed to measure a variety of mental functions, such as reasoning, comprehension, and judgment.

 Intelligence test is often defined as a measure of general mental ability. Of the standardized intelligence tests, those developed by David Wechsler are among the most widely used. Wechsler defined intelligence as “the global capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment.” While psychologists generally agree with this definition, they don't agree on the operational definition of intelligence (that is, a statement of the procedures to be used to precisely define the variable to be measured) or how to accomplish its measurement.

 The goal of intelligence tests is to obtain an idea of the person's intellectual potential. The tests center around a set of stimuli designed to yield a score based on the test maker's model of what makes up intelligence. Intelligence tests are often given as a part of a battery of tests.

 

Advantages

In general, intelligence tests measure a wide variety of human behaviors better than any other measure that has been developed. They allow professionals to have a uniform way of comparing a person's performance with that of other people who are similar in age. These tests also provide information on cultural and biological differences among people. Intelligence tests are excellent predictors of academic achievement and provide an outline of a person's mental strengths and weaknesses. Many times the scores have revealed talents in many people, which have led to an improvement in their educational opportunities. Teachers, parents, and psychologists can devise individual curricula that match a person's level of development and expectations.

 

Disadvantages

Some researchers argue that intelligence tests have serious shortcomings. For example, many intelligence tests produce a single intelligence score. This single score is often inadequate in explaining the multidimensional.

Another problem with a single score is the fact that individuals with similar intelligence test scores can vary greatly in their expression of these talents. It is important to know the 53 person's performance on the various subtests that make up the overall intelligence test score. Knowing the performance on these various scales can influence the understanding of a person's abilities and how these abilities are expressed. For example, two people have identical scores on intelligence tests. Although both people have the same test score, one person may have obtained the score because of strong verbal skills while the other may have obtained the score because of strong skills in perceiving and organizing various tasks. Furthermore, intelligence tests only measure a sample of behaviors or situations in which intelligent behavior is revealed.

For instance, some intelligence tests do not measure a person's everyday functioning, social knowledge, mechanical skills, and/or creativity. Along with this, the formats of many intelligence tests do not capture the complexity and immediacy of real-life situations. Therefore, intelligence tests have been criticized for their limited ability to predict non-test or nonacademic intellectual abilities. Since intelligence test scores can be influenced by a variety of different experiences and behaviors, they should not be considered a perfect indicator of a person's intellectual potential.


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