Describe the aims, objectives and importance of administration. Also, highlight the approaches of educational administration.
Course: Educational Leadership and Management
Course code 8605
Level: B.Ed Solved Assignment
Aims and Objectives of Administration
Administration is a machinery
through which any organization or institution can be managed. It is a mean set-up for a smooth and efficient working of
educational structure. Educational administration is the direction, control and
management of all matters about school affairs. direction is the
leadership within the community and the school system. Control and management
are the means for the realization of
purposes defined in educational planning. Education is in the control of the
state as certain controls are at the state level in the form of constitutional
provisions, enactments and also as executive activities.
Management designates a broad
function, which the responsibilities related to the school, pupils, teachers
and other affairs related to the school. Russel T. Gregg defines, “Educational
administration is the process of utilizing appropriate materials in such a way
as to promote effectively the
development of human qualities. It is concerned not only with the development
of children and youth but also with the growth of adults and particularly with
the growth of school personnel.
Good’s Dictionary of Education
defines educational administration as,
“All those techniques and procedures employed in operating the educational
organization by established policies.”
Educational administration is
concerned with dealing with and also coordinating the activities of groups of
people. It is the dynamic side of education. Educational philosophy sets the
goal; educational psychology explains the principles of teaching and
educational administration deals with educational practices. It is
planning, directing controlling, executing and evaluating the educative
process.
The scope of educational
administration is very vast. It includes every thesis regarding the efficient
functioning of educational institutions, securing the greatest benefits to
the greatest number through the adoption of practical measures. It interprets
and clarifies the functions and the activities of educational programmes in
fruitful relationships and also harmonises their mutual action. It ensures sound
educational planning, good direction and efficient and systematic execution.
A good administration is one,
which exhibits human activity at its best. The ingredients of good
administration are:
1. Associated performance beings work in
close collaboration and there is a sharing of responsibilities.
2. Organized purpose-well-defined purposes are
achieved through the sharing of responsibilities.
3. Creativity through a dynamic approach. The
group proceeds towards its goal.
4. Achievement – the feeling of achievement
makes an administrator to take more effort to achieve perfection. Administration also involves different kinds of
activities to achieve its purpose and to perform the functions related to it.
Importance of Educational Administration
The purpose of educational
administration is to enable an organization or an institution to carry out its
functions with maximum efficiency. It also enables the right pupils to receive
the right education from the right teachers at a cost which should be
within the means of the state, and which will enable the pupils to profit from
their learning. The basic purpose is to bring students and teachers together
under such conditions which will successfully promote the end of the education.
The major purposes are:
i) To frame well-defined policies and programmes
so that teaching, and learning situation
results in the growth and development of human beings.
ii) To make use of appropriate materials to bring
about the effective development of human qualities.
iii) To execute the programmes and activities of
the organization so that its objectives
may be achieved.
iv) To assure the growth of children and adults
and all the people involved in the management.
Approaches to Educational
Management and Administration
In one sense, administration is
one of the most ancient factors of all human endeavours. The Egyptians
organized and administered vast complex enterprises that required sophisticated
planning, complex organizations, skilled
leadership and detailed coordination, at least two thousand years before the
birth of Christ.
Similarly, the Chinese are known
to have had highly systematic, large-scale systems at about the same time as the
pyramids were built, which used many of the management concepts, which are
still in use today. Nearer to us in time and better known to most of us are the
ideas and concepts that underlay the establishment of the reputed civil
services of Europe and Great Britain in the nineteenth century.
Two key nations provided the
essential rationale for civil services.
1. The idea that administration is an activity
that can be studied and taught separately from the content of what is being
administered.
2. The belief that decisions about the policies
and purposes of government belong to the realm of political action but that
these decisions are best implemented by civil servants whose jobs are not
dependent on the whims of politicians and who are free to develop good
administrative procedures.
In the United States in the
nineteenth century, the term administration was used in the context of the
government and the idea it represented gave rise to the growth of public
administration, although civil service in America tended to connote a system
which is designed to ensure honesty and
fairness rather than the expertise associated with the European and British systems.
The Industrial Revolution brought
about a change in the concept of general administration, which, in turn,
reflected in educational management and administration.
Fredrick W. Taylor developed what
later became known as his four principles of scientific management. They were:
1. Eliminate the guesswork of the rule of thumb. Try
to find out the approaches in deciding how each worker has to do a job by
adopting scientific measurements, to break the job into a series of small,
related tasks.
2. Use more scientific, systematic methods for the selection of workers and training them for specific jobs.
3. Establish the concept that there is a clear
division of responsibility between management
and workers, as management has to do the goal setting, planning and supervision
and workers executing the required tasks.
4. Establish the discipline in which management
sets the objectives and the workers cooperate in achieving them. These became enormously
popular not only in industry but also in the management of all kinds of
organizations, including the family
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