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Tuesday, January 16, 2024

Aims, Objectives and Importance of Educational Administration

Describe the aims, objectives and importance of administration. Also, highlight the approaches of educational administration.

CourseEducational Leadership and Management

Course code  8605

Level: B.Ed Solved Assignment


Aims and  Objectives of Administration

Administration is a machinery through which any organization or institution can be managed. It is a mean set-up for a smooth and efficient working of educational structure. Educational administration is the direction, control and management of all matters about school affairs. direction is the leadership within the community and the school system. Control and management are the means for the realization of purposes defined in educational planning. Education is in the control of the state as certain controls are at the state level in the form of constitutional provisions, enactments and also as executive activities.

Management designates a broad function, which the responsibilities related to the school, pupils, teachers and other affairs related to the school. Russel T. Gregg defines, “Educational administration is the process of utilizing appropriate materials in such a way as to promote effectively the development of human qualities. It is concerned not only with the development of children and youth but also with the growth of adults and particularly with the growth of school personnel.

Good’s Dictionary of Education defines educational  administration as, “All those techniques and procedures employed in operating the educational organization by established policies.”

Educational administration is concerned with dealing with and also coordinating the activities of groups of people. It is the dynamic side of education. Educational philosophy sets the goal; educational psychology explains the principles of teaching and educational administration deals with educational practices. It is planning, directing controlling, executing and evaluating the educative process.

The scope of educational administration is very vast. It includes every thesis regarding the efficient functioning of educational institutions, securing the greatest benefits to the greatest number through the adoption of practical measures. It interprets and clarifies the functions and the activities of educational programmes in fruitful relationships and also harmonises their mutual action. It ensures sound educational planning, good direction and efficient and systematic execution.

A good administration is one, which exhibits human activity at its best. The ingredients of good administration are:

1.  Associated performance beings work in close collaboration and there is a sharing of responsibilities.

2.  Organized purpose-well-defined purposes are achieved through the sharing of responsibilities.

3. Creativity through a dynamic approach. The group proceeds towards its goal.

4.  Achievement – the feeling of achievement makes an administrator to take more effort to achieve perfection. Administration also involves different kinds of activities to achieve its purpose and to perform the functions related to it.

 

Importance of Educational Administration

The purpose of educational administration is to enable an organization or an institution to carry out its functions with maximum efficiency. It also enables the right pupils to receive the right education from the right teachers at a cost which should be within the means of the state, and which will enable the pupils to profit from their learning. The basic purpose is to bring students and teachers together under such conditions which will successfully promote the end of the education. The major purposes are:

i)  To frame well-defined policies and programmes so that teaching, and learning situation results in the growth and development of human beings.

ii)  To make use of appropriate materials to bring about the effective development of human qualities.

iii)  To execute the programmes and activities of the organization so that its objectives may be achieved.

iv)  To assure the growth of children and adults and all the people involved in the management.

 

 Approaches to Educational Management and Administration

In one sense, administration is one of the most ancient factors of all human endeavours. The Egyptians organized and administered vast complex enterprises that required sophisticated planning, complex organizations, skilled leadership and detailed coordination, at least two thousand years before the birth of Christ.

Similarly, the Chinese are known to have had highly systematic, large-scale systems at about the same time as the pyramids were built, which used many of the management concepts, which are still in use today. Nearer to us in time and better known to most of us are the ideas and concepts that underlay the establishment of the reputed civil services of Europe and Great Britain in the nineteenth century.

Two key nations provided the essential rationale for civil services.

1.  The idea that administration is an activity that can be studied and taught separately from the content of what is being administered.

2.  The belief that decisions about the policies and purposes of government belong to the realm of political action but that these decisions are best implemented by civil servants whose jobs are not dependent on the whims of politicians and who are free to develop good administrative procedures.

In the United States in the nineteenth century, the term administration was used in the context of the government and the idea it represented gave rise to the growth of public administration, although civil service in America tended to connote a system which is designed to ensure honesty and fairness rather than the expertise associated with the European and British systems.

The Industrial Revolution brought about a change in the concept of general administration, which, in turn, reflected in educational management and administration.

Fredrick W. Taylor developed what later became known as his four principles of scientific management. They were:

1.  Eliminate the guesswork of the rule of thumb. Try to find out the approaches in deciding how each worker has to do a job by adopting scientific measurements, to break the job into a series of small, related tasks.

2.  Use more scientific, systematic methods for the selection of workers and training them for specific jobs.

3.  Establish the concept that there is a clear division of responsibility between management and workers, as management has to do the goal setting, planning and supervision and workers executing the required tasks.

4.  Establish the discipline in which management sets the objectives and the workers cooperate in achieving them. These became enormously popular not only in industry but also in the management of all kinds of organizations, including the family


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