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Showing posts with label BEd. Show all posts
Showing posts with label BEd. Show all posts

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

BEd Course Code 8606| Promotion of Our Culture| Citizenship Education and Community Engagement | Solved Assignment NO 1| aiou


QNO 3    Suggest ways in which our education system may help in the promotion of our culture.




BEd Course Code 8606| Promotion of Our Culture| Citizenship Education and Community Engagement  | Solved Assignment NO 1| aiou



Answer:




It’s no secret that when searching for jobs, educators hope to find opportunities at schools
that boast a friendly, open, and positive climate. Parents follow the same process as they
check the area’s school system before deciding to rent or buy a house. Teachers and students
spend more than eight hours a day at school and a school’s environment greatly impacts the
education that takes place.


Staff and administrators in a positive school culture believe they have the ability to achieve their ambitions. Their counterparts operating in a negative school environment lack faith in the possibility of realizing their visions, according to Education World. Trust and connection are cultivated when students feel that their teachers believe they can be successful.

As an educator, there are ways you can improve your school’s culture that will benefit staff development, student achievement, and the collective spirit of the school.

Put Students First

Schools are first and foremost safe environments where students should grow, learn, and thrive. Putting the priorities of kids first helps teachers and administrators prove to students how important their engagement with learning is. A survey conducted by Youth Truth found only one in three students believe their school culture is positive.

•    Host student-led conferences. Ask the students to fill out a brief reflection sheet
                about their academic, social, and emotional progress. Encourage them to write down a
                few ways their families and teachers can help them be successful in the classroom.
                Some  question  ideas  include: What  do  you  like  that  is  happening  in  your
                school/classroom? What changes would you make in your effort or in your teacher’s
                instructional practices? How do you feel about your peers? What are some of your
                favorite learning activities/subjects? What do you do when you feel stressed out? Do you
                feel supported? Encourage older students to lead the conference. Early learners can be
                prompted to answer questions.

   Begin monthly classroom improvement meetings. Place an improvement box in
                your classroom. Encourage students to write down ideas about changes they feel could
                improve relationships, academic success, and the overall positive vibe in the classroom.
                Every month, pull out the box and sit in a circle. Discuss the ideas and put some of
                their plans into action.

 •    Change your classroom environment. Instead of putting desks in rows, switch it up!
             How can you and your students design the classroom to emphasize peer-to-peer
collaboration, movement, and flexibility? Some ideas include putting student desks in
groups, investing in communal tables, and creating a wonder-wall in the classroom
where students can post questions they have before, during, and after inquiry projects.

Foster Independence

Let  your  students  lead  the  way.  Teaching  students  to  persevere  through  challenging situations is a quality that will help them succeed in the future. Carol Dweck, a Stanford psychology professor who coined the phrase growth mindset, says “when children are praised for  the process they  engage  in — their  hard  work,  their  strategies,  their  focus,  their persistence — then they remain motivated learners. They’re more likely to take on challenges and thrive in the face of difficulty.”

   Set aside time for passion projects. Research shows that interest drives learning. Give
                students time  for  passion  projects where they must dig deep  to  find  answers to
                questions they’ve always wondered about. For example, if a student is interested in
                how plastic affects marine life, he can search through books, online resources, and
                interview a local marine biologist. Passion projects are also a perfect opportunity to
                use parents as support. Encourage them to come in and speak about their career!

   Connect with local businesses. Provide students with ample opportunities to interact
                with the community. Community-based field trips help early learners make sense of
                the world around them. For older students, consider offering part-time, interest-based
                internships.  Some  ideas  include  helping  at  restaurants,  pet  shelters,  schools,  local
                farms, and environmental agencies.

   Be a “guide on the side.” Becoming a facilitator takes practice. When your students
                partake in independent or group work, let them work through problems they face
                instead of jumping in and saving them. This not only promotes critical thinking skills,but                     also gives you time to document student learning and hand ownership over to your class.                     Instead of interrupting students as they collaborate, use a non-intrusiveapproach and jot                      down your feedback on a sticky note.

Model Collaboration

If you want your students to work as a team, you must teach them how! Effective teams challenge each other to take risks and try new approaches. Most importantly, successful collaboration  includes  healthy  conflict.  Here  are  a  few  ways  to  grow  your  collaborative learning community.

   Get together. Dedicate time for planning at least once or twice a month with a few
                teachers that teach the same grade or speciality area. Discuss the standards you’re
                covering, challenges you’re facing, and successful ideas you’ve put into action. Be
                honest, vulnerable, and appreciative of feedback.

•    Participate  in  multi-age  classroom  projects. Design  a  few  multi-age  projects
                throughout the year, working with a younger or older class. Multi-age learning helps
                older students master foundational skills by teaching them and also allows teachers to
                see the fluidity across grade levels.

•    Use technology to share ideas. Create websites through Google Site or Blogger for
                each grade level as a go-to place for educational resources, including units and lesson
                plans.

Teach Tolerance

Celebrate diversity. Schools must provide an inclusive environment for all learners, no matter what gender, race, religion, or culture. How can you teach tolerance?

   Find multicultural literature. Look at your classroom library. Does it include books
                that feature main characters of different races, religions, genders, and cultures? If not,
                check out library bag sales and local thrift shops for stories to add to your collection
                that feature a diverse range of characters, situations, and issues.

   Expose students to multiple perspectives. Teaching about the wars going on in Syria? Include                     credible articles, websites, and interviews from multiple perspectives. Holding civil                             discourse and discussing challenging real-world events will help students recognize that                       there is never a simple answer. This recognition transfers to having empathy for diverse                       peers in the classroom.


•    Host a Cultural Day. Ask your students to create a project about their family’s culture.
                Some ideas include religious background, holidays, traditions, rituals, family history,
                sacred objects and more. Dedicate a day for students to present their projects and ask
                the students to bring in a food dish to pass.

                                                    {================}






Friday, January 10, 2020

BEd Course Code 8606| Role of an Individual in the Development of any Society | Citizenship Education and Community Engagement | Solved Assignment | aiou

Q. 1   Evaluate the role of an individual in the development of any society.

BEd Course Code 8606| Role of an Individual in the Development of any Society | Citizenship Education and Community Engagement  | Solved Assignment | aiou


Answer:


The human being and the group. The problem of man cannot be solved scientifically without a clear  statement  of  the  relationship  between  man  and  society,  as  seen  in  the  primary collectivity—the family, the play or instruction group, the production team and other types of formal or informal collectivity. In the family the individual abandons some of his specific features to become a member of the whole. The life of the family is related to the division of labour according to sex and age, the carrying on of husbandry, mutual assistance in everyday life, the intimate life of man and wife, the perpetuation of the race, the upbringing of thechildren and also various moral, legal and psychological relationships. The family is a crucial instrument for the development of personality. It is here that the child first becomes involved in social life, absorbs its values and standards of behaviour, its ways of thought, language and certain value orientations. It is this primary group that bears the major responsibility to society. Its first duty is to the social group, to society and humanity. Through the group the child, as he grows older, enters society. Hence the decisive role of the group. The influence of one person on another is as a rule extremely limited; the collectivity as a whole is the main educational force. Here the psychological factors are very important. It is essential that a person should feel himself part of a group at his own wish, and that the group should voluntarily accept him, take in his personality.


Everybody performs certain functions in a group. Take, for example, the production team. Here people are joined together by other interests as well as those of production; they exchange certain political, moral, aesthetic, scientific and other values. A group generates public opinion, it sharpens and polishes the mind and shapes the character and will. Through the group  a  person  rises  to  the level of a  personality,  a  conscious subject  of historical creativity. The group is the first shaper of the personality, and the group itself is shaped by society.
 The unity of man and society. A person's whole intellectual make-up bears the clear imprint ofthe life of society as a whole. All his practical activities are individual expressions of the historically formed social practice of humanity. The implements that he uses have in their form a function evolved by a society which predetermines the ways of using them. When tackling any job, we all have to take into account what has already been achieved before us. The wealth and complexity of the individual's social content are conditioned by the diversity of his links with the social whole, the degree to which the various spheres of the life of society have been assimilated and refracted in his consciousness and activity. This is why the level of individual development is an indicator of the level of development of society, and vice versa. But the individual does not dissolve into society. He retains his unique and independent individuality and makes his contribution to the social whole: just as society itself shapes human beings, so human beings shape society.


The individual is a link in the chain of the generations. His affairs are regulated not only by himself, but also by the social standards, by the collective reason or mind. The true token of individuality is the degree to which a certain individual in certain specific historical conditions has absorbed the essence of the society in which he lives.


Consider, for instance, the following historical fact. Who or what would Napoleon Bonaparte have been if there had been no French Revolution? It is difficult or perhaps even impossible to reply to this question. But one thing is quite clear—he would never have become a great general and certainly not an emperor. He himself was well aware of his debt and in his declining years said, "My son cannot replace me. I could not replace myself. I am the creature of circumstances."[1] It has long been acknowledged that great epochs give birth to great men. What tribunes of the people were lifted by the tide of events of the French Revolution.


Mirabeau, Marat, Robespierre, Danton. What young, some times even youthful talents that had  remained  dormant  among  the  people  were  raised  to  the  heights  of  revolutionary, military, and organisational activity by the Great October Socialist Revolution. It is sometimes said that society carries the individual as a river carries a boat. This is a pleasant simile, but not exact. An individual does not float with the river; he is the turbulently flowing river itself. 


The events of social life do not come about by themselves; they are made. The great and small paths of the laws of history are blazed by human effort and often at the expense ofhuman blood. The laws of history are not charted in advance by superhuman forces; they are made by people, who then submit to their authority as something that is above the individual.


Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Steps involved in Educational Administration | BEd | aiou Solved Assignment | Educational Leadership and Management | Course Code 8605

Q No 3: What are the different steps involved in educational administration discuss them in detail?


Topic: Steps to do Educational Administration
Course: Educational Leadership and Management | 
Course Code 8605
Bachlors/Masters/M.Phil/MS  in Education
Allama Iqbal Open University
BEd Solved Assignment Course Code 8605| AIOU | 1.5 Year | 2.5 Year | 4 Year
Part . 1

Answer:


Educational Administration is regarded as the process of integrating the appropriate human and material resources that are made available and made effective for achieving the purposes of a programme of an educational institution. 

The term “Administration” doesn‟t refer to any single process or act. It is like a broad umbrella encompassing a number of processes such as: planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, controlling and evaluating the performance. The same situation occurs in the field of educational administration. The concept of educational administration is applicable in case of an educational organisation which has certain purposes or goals to fulfill.


In order to achieve these purposes or goals, the head of the educational organisation plans carefully various programmes and activities. Here the educational organisation may be a school, college or university. The head of the school/college/university organizes these programmes and activities with co-operation from other teachers, parents and students. He/She motivates them and co- ordinates the efforts of teachers as well as directs and exercises control over them. He/She evaluates their performance and progress in achieving the purposes of the programme.

He provides feedback to them and brings modification, if required in the plans and programmes of the school or college or university. So the totality of these processes which are directed towards realizing or achieving the purposes or goals of the school/college/university is called educational administration.

1. Educational administration doesn't refer to any single process rather different processes or aspects constitute administration. These are planning, organizing, directing, Coordinating and evaluation.

2. Educational administration is a non-profit making task.

3. Educational administration is primarily a social enterprise as it is more concerned with human resources than with material resources.

4. Educational administration is more an art than a science. The reason is that human relationship prevailed here can‟t be maintained by any set of formulae.

5. Educational administration is similar to general administration in many ways, but it is also dissimilar to general administration in many more ways.


6. Educational administration is a complex affair.



Objectives of Educational Administration:

As we know the very fact that educational administration needs integration and co-ordination of all the physical and human resources and educational elements. Besides this it requires a great efficiency with it based on human sympathy, understanding,knowledge and skill. The physical resources mainly contribute building equipment‟s and instructional materials.

The human resources include pupils, teachers, supervisors, administrators and parents.The additional elements comprise the various aspects of educational theory and practice including philosophy of education, objectives of education, curriculum, method of teaching, discipline, role of the teacher, rules and regulations etc.

These elements are “parts, made into whole” and are components brought into harmonious relationship. So the purpose of doing such vital task is to fulfill different purposes which are known as the objectives of educational administration.

These are:

1. To provide proper education to students:

This objective seeks to mention the fact that good education doesn‟t mean education at a very high cost as is practiced in modern public schools. Rather it means the right type of education from the right type of teachers within reasonable cost. This objective also implies quantitative expansion and qualitative improvement of education. 

2. To Ensure Adequate Utilization Of All Resources:

For adequate realization of the various purposes of educational programme there is the 
need of ensuring adequate utilization of all available resources-human, material and 
financial.

3. To Ensure Professional Ethics And Professional Development Among
Teachers:

As teachers are the senior and mature human elements to accelerate the programme in time their role is highly felt in this regard. They are to be encouraged and given the facility to devise and try out innovative ideas on instruction and to participate in service education programmes. In this context, it can be visualized that educational administration should aim at developing a desire for hard work, dedication and commitment for their job among teachers.

4. To organize educational programmes for acquainting students with the art of democratic living and giving them excellent training in democratic citizenship.

5. To mobilize the community:

Like general administration, educational administration seeks to maintain and improve the relations with the community. For this it should seek community support and co-operation for quantitative  expansion, qualitative improvements, smooth and fair examination in the educational system.

6. To organize co-curricular activities effectively for developing talents of students and work efficiency of educational teachers.

7. To get the work done:

The most important objective of administration is to get the work done effectively, efficiently and with satisfaction to the individuals and benefits to the society. 

8. To prepare students for taking their places in various vocations and avenues of life.

9. To train the students in developing scientific attitude and objective outlook among them towards all aspects and activities of life.

10. To ensure qualitative improvement of education:

Good education can be provided to students by bringing qualitative improvement in instruction. Regular supervision of teaching and guidance of teachers help to ensure quality teaching in schools.

Scope of Educational Administration:

11. The educational administration encompasses all the levels of education in its 

jurisdiction.


Related Topics
Educational Leadership and Management



Part 1




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