Code 8606| Collaboration Among Institutions which may lead towards National Development | assignment no 1| bed solved assignment| Citizenship Education and Community Engagement

Q NO 5   Explain  the  collaboration  among  the  institutions  which  may  lead  towards
national development?

aiou| assignment no 1| bed solved assignment| Citizenship Education and Community Engagement| Course Code 8606| Collaboration Among Institutions which may lead towards National Development.

Answer:

Education's mandate includes representing Sweden in the work to implement the European agenda for adult learning. Within the framework of the European Agenda for Adult Learning 2014-2015, Sweden will contribute with examples of effective collaboration forms in adult learning, with a view to primarily improve and streamline recruitment to adult education, as well as the continued path into the workplace. Adult education refers to the three types of schools, municipal education for adults at a basic level (Komvux), special education for adults at a basic level.

This report is a mapping of how interactions between different actors in basic adult education take place. The report describes the extent to which adult education interacts with different social institutions, such as municipal administrations or businesses, educational institutions and government agencies. The focus is primarily on how adult education reaches out to its target audience (with limited previous education), how they are captured by the municipal recruitment process and what organisational solutions or practices apply.

The  purpose  of  the  mapping  study  is  to  help  increase  the  knowledge  base  of  how collaboration between different actors within adult education takes place, and describe how effective  coordination  of  efforts  between  the  municipality's  adult  education  and  other operations functions, to ultimately in-crease the accessibility and the adaptation of adult education to the needs of the target group.

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شکریہ!

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Course Code 8606| Evolution of Family Structure in Past Three Decades in Pakistan| aiou| assignment no 1| bed solved assignment| Citizenship Education and Community Engagement

Q.5 Explain  the  evolution  of  family  structure  in  the  past three  decades  in Pakistan.

aiou| assignment no 1| bed solved assignment| Citizenship Education and Community Engagement| Course Code 8606| Evolution of Family Structure in Past Three Decades in Pakistan.

Answer:

In the by gone days, multiple generations comprising parents, their children and grand children would live under a single roof. The oldest male member of the family was considered the  head  of  the  family  with  the  right  to  lay  down the  rules  and arbitrate disputes. Grandparents had the responsibility of teaching the children their mother tongue, manners and etiquette. In this way a strong bond with our culture was developed.

Taking just one example, in this modern era many women are working outside homes; in a joint family if some young mothers are career oriented other members of the family, like grandmother and aunts, look after the young children, giving them opportunity to pursue their career. But in nuclear family this is not possible and young women often have to sacrifice their career in order to take care of the child.

Another reason why the joint family system is losing its significance is the belief that children raised in a joint family are shyer and lack confidence due to the authoritative behaviour of their elders; they are more suppressed and are hardly able to make their own decisions due to more dependency, as opposed to children raised in nuclear families.

Even today, as in the past, the joint family system help us to learn interpersonal relationship and living in a society. By living together the kids feel closer to their grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins; they understand them more and establish a trusting relationship, which is not possible when they meet occasionally. The joint family system contributes to our security, health and prosperity, and could help us to live a less stressful life.

The reason being, in joint family we have a lot of people around to help us and to share our sorrows and joys, and we can lean upon them in times of trouble. But in this modern era the nuclear family system is the call of the day. Most joint families have broken into pieces and independent and single families have emerged. Now in place of joint family we have a “Micro Family”, where there is father, mother and their children. As the children grow up and get married they move out and set separate homes.

The main cause of young adults breaking away from their families is a desire for freedom, which is in no way a bad idea at all. We all want to live independently; hence, in order to avoid interference and uninvited opinions the younger generation prefers moving out. When the parents and their adult children are unable to get along well and disagree on different issues, nuclear families are formed. To a certain extent we can say that this change has come about because in this age of competition everyone is in pursuit of material pleasure and success, and nobody is bothered about anybody. 

Though living separately may bring lots of inconvenience, people seem to prefer nuclear families. Every individual has certain flaws and qualities in his or her personality. Your parents can bear with any weaknesses you may have but your other relatives would not, no matter how close they are to you. Eventually your parents also begin to criticize you, sometimes just to calm the other people. In a joint family sometimes differences of opinion become so big that it is even beyond the control of the elders to settle the disputes, whereas in nuclear family where there is less interference of others, fewer problems arise.

A nuclear life makes you independent and enables you to bring up your children the way you want without much interference. It is exciting to explore experiment and establish a living set-up on one's own. Every person needs privacy, some time to be alone, but being a part of a joint family sometimes it is not possible to sit alone and ponder. Interference of other members in some personal matter is never desirable, but in a joint family, living together it is not always possible to keep one’s affairs private.  

As many families live together they often start highlighting and even exploiting others' weaknesses, which also create political arena in the household. Most parents tend to always keep their children under their domination even when they have come of age and are in a position to take charge of their lives. I personally believe that there comes a time when parents have to really “let go” and let the grown up children face realities of life and make decisions for themselves.

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ویب سائٹ وزٹ کا شکریہ!

ساتھ ہی اس  ویب سائیٹ کی دائیں طرف سے

کےبٹن دبا دیں۔ اور اپنی ای میل بھی درج کر دیں۔

شکریہ!

دعا گو۔ایڈمن

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BEd Course Code 8606| Role of School and Mass Media as Agents of Socialization| Citizenship Education and Community Engagement | Solved Assignment NO 1| aiou

QNO 4  Analyze the role of school and mass media as agents of socialization. 

BEd Course Code 8606| Role of School and Mass Media as Agents of  Socialization| Citizenship Education and Community Engagement  | Solved Assignment NO 1| aiou

Answer:

Socialization is a process by which culture is transmitted to the younger generation and men learn the rules and practices of social groups to which they belong. Every society builds an institutional framework within which socialization of the child takes place. Mass Media has seemed to be an effective agency of socialization. This is true to some extent because now children are spending more time in front of the television than mingling with their parents and other family members

Mass Media:

Mass  media—newspapers,  magazines,  comic  books,  radio,  video  games,  movies,  and especially television—present a very different form of socialization than any other, because they offer no opportunity for interaction.

The mass media are the means for delivering impersonal communications directed to a vast audience. The term media comes from Latin meaning, “middle,” suggesting that the media’s function is to connect people. Television shows, movies, popular music, magazines, Web sites,and other aspects of the mass media influence our political views; our tastes in popular culture; our views of women, people of color, and gays; and many other beliefs and practices.

The mass media include many forms of communication-such as books, magazines, radio, television, and movies-that reach large numbers of people without personal contact between senders and receivers. In an ongoing controversy, the mass media are often blamed for youth violence and many other of our society’s ills. The average child sees thousands of acts of violence on television and in the movies before reaching young adulthood. Since mass media has enormous effects on our attitudes and behavior, notably in regards to aggression, it is an important contributor to the socialization process.

The mass media of communication, particularly television, play an important role in the process  of  socialization. The mass media of communication transmit  information’s  and messages which influence the personality of an individual to a great extent. In the last few decades, children have been dramatically socialized by one source in particular: television.Studies have found that children spend more time watching TV than they spend in school. 

Television is an influence on children from a very young age and affects their cognitive and social development.Children also learn about current themes and issues, both from newscasts and dramas— issues such as kidnapping, the homeless, and the spread of AIDS. Most of these issues and themes are not happy ones, and many are very frightening, especially when children watch programs that are intended for adults.

Research  also  suggests  that  young  children  obtain  considerable  political  and  social information from television. Winn (1977) suggests that the experience of watching television itself is limiting. When people watch television, no matter what the program, they are simply watchers and are not having any other experience. In addition to this, communication media has an important effect in encouraging individuals to support the existing norms and values or oppose or change them. They are the instrument of social power. They influence us with their messages.

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BEd Course Code 8606| Role of Religious Group And Influence on Social Behaviour| Citizenship Education and Community Engagement | Solved Assignment NO 1| aiou

Q. 4  Elucidate  the  role  of  religious  groups  and  their  influence  on  social behavior.

BEd Course Code 8606| Role of Religious Group And Influence on Social Behaviour| Citizenship Education and Community Engagement  | Solved Assignment NO 1| aiou

Answer:

This fabric covering my head is not a representation of compulsion from parents, but rather the influence of Islam upon me. This choice I made has been derived from my knowledge about Islam. People are usually influenced by taking an action or making a decision after gaining knowledge.This is how knowledge is power, because due to this knowledge one can make severe decisions in life.

When a person with power has dominance over you - parents, for example - they can govern your thoughts in certain ways. My parents believe religious values sustain the very core of civilization.They tell me I must learn my religion to become a better person as they believe religion teaches decency and morality. Religion tells me that God is all-knowing, thereby influencing me to watch my actions to make sure they're “good,” and avoid wrong-doings.Religion is, of course,knowledge itself since to be able to follow my religion I must acquire its teachings and values. My actions are being watched by God, influencing my daily activities greatly.

However, my parents are not the only one credited for shaping my thoughts, but also my elder sister is capable of doing it. Sitting on the couch, eyes on TV, mind on thoughts, searching, observing, trying to occupy the eyes, the mind, and the boring environment as my sister walks towards me, each step getting closer, getting larger, broad shoulders blocking the view  of  everything  in  front,  eclipsing  my  previous  thoughts  with  her  own.  She  explains passionately the importance of praying and builds fear of god through her knowledge, which makes me feel intimidated to do as she says.

Religion  can  limit  freedom.  Religion  controls actions with  a  set  of rules and  guidelines, restricting the capability of faithful followers. An example is in Islam it is commanded to not eat pork or consume alcohol, preventing Muslims from eating it. This may be perceived positively or negatively, but either way, it certainly does have the power to make some people—if not all—to set course in a certain path.

Religion impacts human behaviour in every aspect of our lives by having to live by those codes, morals and rules. It is implanted in our brain that religion is how we think, how we act, how we choose. People usually tend to seek guidance from God if troubles exceed their capability. Complications influence.This would be during exam time,when suddenly a lot of my friends start praying to God, because only He can control the outcome of their marks. Meaning only He has control, they've just got prayers and efforts. This is how religious belief and practice emanates; religion influences humans by attempting to influence their lives to believe they hold no significant individual power.

The fundamental impact of religion on human behaviour is the very act of worship. Praying is powerful because when you are in a state of prayer you are in control of your own thought and in your own being. It is a way escape of the world of stress to a world of sanctum where the rules are made only by you. Praying happens in your own privacy, where no one has control over that and no matter how physically,mentally,emotionally strong another person is they are not able to stop you from praying. And it is only in prayers that you have full control over your body and soul. That is the only time you feel powerful over the whole world because you can escape from it.

People without religion have been influenced by the over-whelming power of religion. This is because  the  moral  standards  that  exist  today  in  society,  which  are  definitely  shared  by atheists and non religious people, are a direct result of religion. In history, many acts were done routinely which would now be considered wrong even by the most Godless of people.

An example of this would be incest. Incest was not uncommon among people of the past, but was explicitly banned by religion and labeled as an evil practice Today, you'd be hard-pressed to find a person who does not consider incest to be wrong. Religious teachings, therefore, have influenced even people who do not believe in God by setting moral standards for the society.

Whether God created man or man invented God, religious beliefs has proven their potency of continually impacting human behaviour. It regulates the actions humans take to make better informed decisions. Religion is powerful because it does not only control one individual, but
rather dominates clans, flocks, groups, and communities. Knowledge of religion and power are positively related, as knowledge increases, so does the power you have to control and influence.                     

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