Q.1 Define administration and school administration. Elaborate on different levels of administration concerning an educational institution?
Course: School Administration and Supervision
Course code 8616
Level: B.Ed Solved Assignment
Answer:
Educational administration is the
study and practice of managing the resources, tasks, and communications involved
in running a school. The goal of the administrator is to keep the school’s overall
process flowing smoothly, making decisions that facilitate successful
education. The administrator identifies and articulates a school’s mission and
goals and makes them happen by implementing programs, delegating tasks, and
allocating resources.
Meaning of Educational Administration
Educational Administration is
a discipline within the study of education that examines the administrative
theory and practice of education in general and educational institutions and educators
in particular. The field ideally distinguishes itself from administration and
management through its adherence to guiding principles of educational
philosophy.
The concept of educational
administration may not be totally different from what we are familiar with in
the concept of administration. Education at different levels has its objectives;
the most important of the objectives that cut across all the levels of
education is teaching and learning. It is the function of the school to
produce educated and enlightened human beings who would be able to contribute
positively to the development of society. This formed the opinion of
Olaniyi (2000) who describes school as a social institution that does not
exist in a vacuum. He said further that a school is a micro-community, existing
within a macro community to mold the habits, interests, attitudes, and feelings
of children and transmit them from one generation to another. The school also
comprises certain personnel i.e. teaching and non-teaching staff as well as the
students. These human resources in the school work with some materials, such as
instructional materials, equipment, and financial resources to achieve
the objectives of the school.
Administration is very germane to
the realization of the school’s objectives? Indeed, the success of the school
system depends largely on the administration of the school it handled.
The teachers, students,
non-teaching staff, and resources must be efficiently arranged, monitored, and
controlled so that they work harmoniously according to (the educational
plan). Even the National Policy on Education emphasizes the success of the
entire educational system through proper planning, efficient administration, and
adequate funding. School administration is the process by which principles,
methods, and practices of administration are applied in educational institutions
to establish, maintain, and develop such institutions in line with the goals of
the institutions.
Akinwumi & Jayeoba (2004)
define school administration as the scientific organization of human and
material resources and programs available for education and using them
systematically and meticulously to achieve educational goals.
Basically, educational
administration implies the arrangement of the human and material resources and
programs available for education and carefully using them systematically for the
achievement of educational objectives.
Thus educational administrator,
whether in the Ministry of Education, the school board, or in a school is
essentially the organizer, the implementer of plans, policies, and programs meant to achieve specific educational objectives. The educational administrator
may contribute in one way or the other, in planning, policy? Making and program
designing, yet his major role rests with the effective and efficient lamentation
of such plans, policies, and programs for the benefit of education. Viewed from
this angle, educational administration is concerned with organization and implementation?
it may be categorized under broad areas of:
·
Planning and Policy
·
Implementation
Although such a
categorization is essentially arbitrary and broad and these aspects of management
are closely tied, inseparable, and inductive, it is possible to separate the
functions of administration from those of planning and policy? making in
education. For example, the administrator is concerned with formulating general
plans and policies for education.
Different levels of administration concerning an educational institution
Within Time Click several different levels of administration allow you to spread the work of
administering Time Click across different departments. Note that all three
levels of administration are accessible with a unique administrative password.
Having multiple admin users makes it easier to split the work among others and
ensures the proper tasks are assigned to the appropriate administrator. Each of
the three administration modes can be opened on any of the Time Click computers
by clicking the administration button, choosing the administration mode you would
like to enter, and then typing the password.
The first option is the main
administration mode. This administrator will have access to everything in the
time tracking system. This is where you will add and edit employees? Records,
modify times, view reports, set preferences, and manage your accruals.
Next, you have the Level 2? Restricted
Administration mode. This will allow
anyone with the appropriate password to view reports and/or modify times if the
main administrator yellows them to do so. By default, the Level 2
administration is only able to view reports in Time Click. You can, however,
allow them to modify times by going into the main administration mode,
selecting preferences then password and misc controls, and then check the box
that reads allow level 2 and department supervisors to modify times.
Last, there is a Department
Supervisor administration level. Again, like a level 2 administration, you can
allow department heads the ability to just run reports or to modify times as
well. To allow a department supervisor these administrative
capabilities, you will first need to create the department, and then set them
up as a department supervisor in the administration mode under Departments.
After you’ve assigned an employee to be a department supervisor they will be
able to access reports and modify times for employees listed within their
department. The department supervisor(s) will be able to use their employee
password to log in to this restricted area.
Related Topics
Developing Accounting and Auditing Systems
Synergistic Supervision improves the performance of Students and Teachers
Theory and Function of Supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation
Different Approaches to Supervision
Financial Audits and Academic Audits
School Heads’and Academic Head’s Responsibilities
Concept and Levels of Administration
Central bodies of Educational Administrate
Difference between the Administrative structure of public, government and private schools
Areas of Educational Administration
School Heads and Responsibilities as a School Admin
Define Administration and School Administration and different levels of Administration
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