Q.1 Elaborate the spirit of Islamic administration and educational
administration.
Islamic principles in administration provide a
more comprehensive system as they incorporate both moral and spiritual
dimensions. These principles are universally applicable and important for the
success of Muslims’ organization. Since Islam is a comprehensive way of life,
it treats the most minor and simple to detailed and major issues in various
aspects of human life and activities including the administration of
organization or institution. It addresses all mankind without distinction of
race, region, language or time. The principles of Islamic administration are
derived from the Quran, which is the most fundamental source in Islamic
shari’ah, and the sunnah, which is the second important source in Islam. The
most crucial principles are knowledge, commanding good and forbidding bad,
amanah (trust), justice, shura (consultation), brotherhood, moral and ethical
behaviours, responsibility (trustworthiness), muhasabah (accountability), and,
motivation. Those are the values embody the administration in Islamic approach
which should be implemented by those who employed in any organization.
The Implication of Basic Principles
of Administration Toward Employment Practices
Selection of
Employees
The Allah-fearing attribute is valued because
it will ensure that he carries out his duty with amanah, devotion and
perfection. It is also said that “Selecting staff with completely denies a man
leadership should he requests it or contest for it (leadership)” (Muslim, Kitab
al-Imarah, chap. 12:207). It is also narrated that a group of people came to
the Prophet (s.a.w) and Technology, Science, Social Sciences and Humanities
International Conference – TeSSHI 2012 Organizer: UniversitiTeknologi MARA
Kedah. One Helang Hotel, Lankawi. 14 & 15 November 2012 2 requested
leadership. The Prophet (s.a.w) said: “We, by Allah, would not charge any body
who requests it, or is greedy for it (leadership)” (Muslim, Kitab al-Imarah,
chap. 12:207). Further, it is also said that in selecting any prospective
staffs, emphasis should be given to two (2) main elements namely; strength and
trust. This is as what indicated in the following Quranic revelation: “One of
the women said, “O my father, hire him. Indeed, the best one you can hire is
the strong and the trustworthy”
From this verse, there are two pre-requisite in
selecting employees set i.e. Strength and Trustworthiness. The first
pre-requisite i.e. strength and power referred in the above verse depend
according to the kind of the duty to be entrusted to the employee and this
strength includes the capability in knowledge, field of specialization,
experience, personal abilities, potentials and character. The second
pre-requisite is trustworthiness (amanah). Trust in this context refers to the
fear of Allah S.W.T and awareness of Allah’s presence at all time which should
result in a person carrying out his duty with diligence, accountability,
effective and in full obedience not only to the existing rules set forth by his
employer but more importantly the laws and injunction by Allah S.W.T. Further,
it is also said that there are several limits in the Islamic methodology of
selecting staff which need to be observed by the employer stated as follows: ·
The leader should feel strongly that choosing appropriate staff is a great
trust to be taken seriously; · The leader is duty bound to choose the best
staff for each duty without inclinations, bias or cheating, and · The leader
must display capability and amanah.
Specialization and
Division of Labour
In the context of specialization and clear
demarcation of duties, one can see the application of several Islamic
principles of administration such as knowledge (ilm), justice (‘adalah) and
brotherhood (ukhuwwah). It is a fact that job allocation should be done
properly in ensuring effective performance amongst the employee for the task
entrusted to them and in ensuring the target set by the management can be
achieved accordingly towards the success of the organization. Arising from
this, it is pertinent that in allocating the task amongst the employee, the
employer should take into consideration the knowledge (‘ilm) that the employee
possess in relation to the task to be entrusted to him. This indirectly gives
some advantage to those having the necessary knowledge (needed for the
performance of the task) over those without such knowledge. By doing so, this
would allow the employee to practise their job perfectly as expected by the
management of the said organization. In addition, justicei (‘adalah) is one
concept that is synonym with Islam and Muslim is ordained to do justice in
every aspect of their life and this includes in the task specialization and
division of labour. The employer is required to assign proper tasks to the
proper and qualified person regardless of their acquaintance, friendship or
personal connection with such employee.
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