QUESTION
Describe the procedure for developing
standardized tests.
Course: Test Development and Evaluation
Course code 6462
Level: B.Ed Solved Assignment
ANSWER
PROCEDURE OR STEPS FOR A STANDARDIZED TEST DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
Standardized tests offer a
uniform test-taking experience. They are set up in such a way that the test
conditions and scoring have a specific procedure that is interpreted consistently from one administration to the next.
Standardized tests are created by
test development specialists who ensure that the examinations have a specific
goal, specific intent, and solid written foundation. When creating a
standardized test, developers follow a certain set of steps to ensure quality.
Purpose
The first step in standardized
test development is establishing a purpose. Developers consider how the test
scores will be used, whether for certification, licensing, minimum competency, or mastery of a specific subject. The purpose determines both the length and
difficulty of the exam. Taking time at the beginning of the process to develop
a clear purpose ensures that "your goals and priorities will be more
effectively met,"
Specifications
Standardized test specifications
are composed of a description and a blueprint. The description outlines the
test's purpose and the targeted examinee population. A test blueprint is
developed, providing a list of content areas and cognitive levels that will be
tested. The blueprint also specifies the amount of content each area of the
test will contain.
Development
An initial pool of items is
developed during the writing and development phase. A panel of subject matter
experts is formed to write each section of test items. Each item is written
based on the specifications in the blueprint.
Review
After the test items are written,
they are reviewed. The review addresses potential problems and ensures that the
content is clear, accurate, and free of technical flaws. The test must prove
that it is fair for all examinees and subgroups.
Pilot
When the initial development and
review phases are complete, the pilot exam must go through a field test in
which an appropriate group of examinees takes the test. This ensures the test's
quality and practical application. The test is scored; however, the pilot is
not used to measure the examinees' knowledge.
Forms, Scoring, and Analysis
The final steps in creating a
standardized test are assembling the test forms, determining a passing score, and item analysis. During the form assembly phase, multiple test forms are
developed for each test as a security measure. Using statistical methods and
policy, a passing score is then developed for the test. Item analysis is one of
the most important steps in the test development process. It determines whether
the test items are too simple, or too difficult and displays the skill level and
knowledge of the examinee.
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