Q 2: Discuss the curriculum offered during the period of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Give study references while explaining your answer.
Course: General Methods of Teaching
Course code 8601
Level: B.Ed Solved Assignment
Prophet Mohammad P.B.U.H. adopted a distinctive approach to teach his followers and companions the basics and concepts of Islam, which comes from divine revelation; his teachings cover all aspects of life, work, living, and human dealings, which are suitable everywhere and anytime. The significance of this approach in individual learning motivates us to highlight those ways in a scientific methodology. In this paper, we have classified the ways and methods adopted by the Prophet Muhammad P.B.U.H in the education of Muslims generally and for his companions especially.
The prophet Mohammad P.B.U.H started a new religion by calling people to Islam and be ready to change their lives for the better, his style was based on individual differences and consisted of their situations, natures, habits, and mentalities(Sulayman, 2014). The prophet fully succeeded in his task of bringing the new nation of Islam to the world as Allah wants it to be by introducing new religious rituals, aspects, and concepts to humanity in well-formed ways that can be implemented fruitfully across time (Al-Saidi, 2009).
Nowadays, many of the modern learning methods may contain or depend on some learning basics that come from Prophet Mohammad's school. Some ways are considered standards of current learning methods while other ways are still scholarly uncovered until now up to our knowledge. The newly emerged ways of adaptive learning models and blended learning environments are yet a fertile field for making learning developments, and ways of torturing may be incorporated within this field(Mogire & Oboko, 2013),(Temdee, 2014).
Prophet Mohammad P.B.U.H School Categories:
The Prophet starts calling for Islam with his companions first to make a strong base for humans to learn from, worship Allah S.W.T., manage daily life, and deal with family and other people. Any act, behavior, method, or way taken from the Prophet is called Sunnah (Al-Twaim, 2011),(Ali, 2002),(Al-Ghazali, 1957).
Directing.Practical Application:
The Prophet gave the lessons regarding worshiping Allah and living matters to his followers, he started by himself doing the obligatory rituals to encourage Muslims to do so; he used the practical application to teach his followers the five pillars of Islam, which are not only movements formality performed for a particular purpose only, as well as not just a ritual or observance occupies a place or period; they are the media that raise the humans and close them to Almighty creator(Ali, 2002). An example when someone new to Islam asked the prophet about the prayers and their times, the Prophet asked him to pray with people for two days to learn, so that man just kept watching Muslims when they prayed five times a day, after two days the last pray finished, Prophet ask where is that man who wished to learn prayers and their times? The man replied here I am, I learned them well. (Mehdi, 2013)
Getting Knowledge from Learners in The Presence of The Instructor.
Another approach is letting one of the learners give the lesson to the others, one day two men invoked the Prophet; he diverted the judgment to one of his followers who said how to make a judgment in your presence? The Prophet replied, if you make right, you'll be rewarded ten, but if you make a wrong decision you’ll get one reward only. Here the prophet encouraged Muslims to take responsibility for each other, not to limit groups them. (Ali, 2002).Openness to Other Communities.
The Prophet encouraged his followers to be open to other nations to know their customs, morals, and behaviors and to keep them safe from harm. For example, the prophet asked one of his followers to learn Hebrew to be the prophet's translator who could understand the Jewish tribes' messages and reply to them in Hebrew. Another example is during the Alkhandaq(Trench) war with Jews of Madinah who broke the covenant with Muslims, the Prophet took advantage of making a trench in the northern area of Almadinah, with advice from his follower Salman Alfarsi as Persians did against invasions by horses.(Debabeche, 2008).
Mind Management.
a. Thinking Management:
Quran and Sunnah encourage using the mind and intellect, forbidding minds wasting is one of the greatest purposes of religion, with great interest in mental education,(Al-Twaim, 2011). In Islam, the science request is an imposition, as well as education and delivery of science to others, Prophet said that anyone entering the Masjid to learn or to teach good matters, would be like the combatant for the sake of Allah).
b. Mental Persuasion.
The Prophet fostered mental persuasion development, which is the key to scientific discoveries' growth of the human mind. An example of utilizing mental persuasion, is when a man comes to the Prophet said:( O Messenger of Allah, my boy was born black(suspect in his wife), the Prophet said: Do you have camels? The man said: Yes, Prophet said, what colors? He said: Reds, said: Is one of them grey? Man said: Yes, Prophet said: How so? The man said: mutation, Prophet Said: Perhaps your son is mutation), (Siddiqui, 2008).
c. Brainstorming.
Brainstorming targets innovative problem-solving, finding new projects, stimulating thinking and creativity training, and apprentice students (Debabeche, 2008). A brainstorming was used by the Prophet when asking his followers: (What are the trees whose leaves never fall, that look like the Muslim? [he meant that the Muslim's good work never gone away]; Tell me about it? After a while the Prophet answered his question: The palm tree). Here the Prophet does not specify a particular person to get the answer from, instead, his question is in a plural form to give the group of people a chance to think and discuss before answering, not to relate it to a particular person, which may have the impression of embarrassing(Siddiqui, 2008).
d. Hitting Parables.
Making comparisons among objects and events to derive the solution is from the nature of the human brain, hitting parables clearly shown in most of the dialogues and arguments. The Prophet gave preliminary and great importance to the way of hitting parables and metaphors for being an effective and influential role in the process of teaching and developing moral and social values (Ali, 2002). The Prophet hired hitting proverbs to illustrate his sermons to the people; which have a rhetorical persuasive power, splendor of clarity in the embodiment of the intended meaning, and portrayed in the form of sensory to make it is present in front of the listener. Evidence is when the Prophet said:(Such as the believers in their mutual love and mercy and compassion like the body if an organ complained to falter, the rest of the body ensuring fever). (Al-Zahrani,2013).
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