Q. 1 Explain the relationship between ethics and education. What are the responsibilities of a teacher in this regard?
Course: Professionalism in Teaching
Course Code 8612
Topics
Relationship between Ethics and Education
- What are the responsibilities of a teacher in this regard?
- Is Ethics Necessary For Education?
- Does Education Lead To Ethical Behavior?
Answer:
The increasing cross-national
mobility of people and the transnational communication of ideas that took place
cause educators around the world to be faced with new challenges of balancing local, national, and global norms and
moral as well as ethical values in the process of educating children
(Gluchmanova, 2014). However, educators are always unwilling to devote time and
effort to ethics education which is viewed as a soft course at the expense of
what they view as more important courses (Power, 1991).
Many scandals related to business and
professional fields took place all over the world such as Enron and WorldCom
which result to a widespread call to implement corporate code of ethics
(Schwartz, 2013). So there is a need to discuss on the relationship between
education and ethics. Ethics, also known as moral philosophy is defined as
“…generally used interchangeably with morality” and “…the moral principles of a
particular tradition, group or individual” (Audi, 1999, p. 284).
Different fields of profession have given
different definitions of ethics. Business ethics, it is defined as “an area that requires reasoning and judgment based on
individuals’ principles and beliefs in making choices that balance self-interest against social welfare or
claims and responsibilities” (Weiss, 1994, p.7). However, three recurring themes appear in the definition
- principles, decision-making
process, and conduct. Different people who have different principles will make different
decisions and the decisions made may result in an ethical and unethical
conduct.
Education is focused on teaching humans ethics and morality besides development in knowledge and physical
acquisition. In the philosophy of Imam Ghazali, education is a process of
teaching and is used to shape an individual character (Nofal, 1993). He states that
religion education enables an individual to distinguish between the true
and false, the good and bad, the right
conduct and the evil doing. Education is related to rational.
A variety of education approach and programs
are aimed to improve individual thinking skills in order to produce good
thinkers (Moshman, 1990). This shows a relationship between education and
ethics. Chambliss (1987) believes that
there are relationship among ethics, education and the formation of a just
community and have been central of the Western philosophical tradition classic
statement development. He argues that educational theory is a theory of conduct
rather than an applied science. It is theory of conduct, not about conduct
(Giarelli, 1987).
Is Ethics Necessary For Education?
There are some positive and negative
arguments about the necessary of ethics education in different professional and
area. Milton Friedman (1970) explains that the ethical duty of businessman is
to maximize profits not to study ethics. The argument is supported by David
Hume who argues that the way to encourage ethical behavior is by installing
financial and legal incentives but not ethics lectures. However, Francis
Hutcheson held that human actions are best explained as motivated by sympathy,
not self-interest. There is also an argument explains that ethics education is
meaningless, since it is a feeling, not thinking (Hooker, 2004).
In addition, Green (1971) indicates
that “professional ethics” is an excess brought
forth by the inability to take the purpose of professional practice
which developed in response to some
foundation of human need whose advancement is already a moral aim(Giarelli,
1987). It shows unnecessary of ethics education in the professional study. However, Volnei Garrafa agrees that ethics
can be a vehicle for teaching and learning processes in undergraduate and
postgraduate programs within different academic fields. He believes that ethics
should be educated in school and universities; and the real concrete problem
should be experienced by students and family themselves (Garrafa, 2015).
Does Education Lead To Ethical Behavior?
In other words to say this issue is
more focus on the way that educator teach ethics may lead to ethical behavior
of an individual most effectively? Since there are some researchers found that
ethics education improves ethical behavior and some do not. In fact, university
education is not the only factors in influencing behavior but also family
education and friends’ behavior. Hill, Udayasankar and Wee (2014) argued that
Confucianism and Confucian ethics influence behavior and shape culture in parts
of Asia.
It is a kind of thinking which is educated in
family. Religious, intellectual, aesthetic, physical and cultural educations
are responsible for the formation of moral behavirn students (Manea,
2014).Education is an important factor in the ethical decision-making process
which will impact society. The more education individuals have, the better they
are at making ethical decisions.
However, the type of education has
little effect or no effect on ethics. An educated individual is in a position
of power, trust, respectability, and responsibility commits an illegal act in
relation to the employment, and abuses the trust and authority normally
associated with the position for personal or organizational gains (Ferrell, Fraedrich
& Ferrell, 2015). It shows that the influence of education lead to ethical
behavior is remained unclear.
For an example,
Those such as Joseph Goebbels,
Wilhelm Frick, Hans Frank and others who are highly educated were helping While
Hitler who did not have a high education to implement the Third Reich’s regime.
They were no more moral for it. While the uneducated soldiers were more often
objecting to the horrific orders handed down to them (Glenn, 2010). A research
showed that there are no different in behaviour after 10 weeks of ethical
courses being lectured (Ponemon, 1993).
No comments:
Post a Comment
If you have any question related to children education, teacher education, school administration or any question related to education field do not hesitate asking. I will try my best to answer. Thanks.