Q. 1 Elaborate need and scope of management. Discuss different features of management.
Course: Management Strategies in Educational Institutions
Course Code 8615
Topics
- Need and Scope of management
- Different features of management
- Objectives of management
Answer:
The term ‘management’ has been used
in different senses. Sometimes it refers to the process of planning, organizing,
staffing, directing, coordinating and controlling; at other times it is used to
describe it as a function of managing people. It is also referred to as a body
of knowledge, a practice and discipline. There are some who describe management
as a technique of leadership and decision-making while some others have
analyzed management as an economic resource, a factor of production or a system
of authority.
Objectives of Management:
The primary objective of management
is to run the enterprise smoothly. The profit earning objective of a business is
also to be kept in mind while undertaking various functions.
Following are the broad objectives of management:
1. Proper Utilization of Resources:
The main objective of management is
to use various resources of the enterprise in a most economic way. The proper
use of men, materials, machines and money will help a business to earn
sufficient profits to satisfy various interests. The proprietors will want more
returns on their investments while employees, customers and public will expect
a fair deal from the management. All these interests will be satisfied only
when physical resources of the business are properly utilized.
2. Improving Performance:
Management should aim at improving
the performance of each and every factor of production. The environment should
be so congenial that workers are able to give their maximum to the enterprise.
The fixing of objectives of various factors of production will help them in
improving their performance.
3. Mobilizing Best Talent:
The management should try to employ persons
in various fields so that better results are possible. The employment of specialists
in various fields will be increasing the efficiency of various factors of
production. There should be a proper environment which should encourage good
persons to join the enterprise. The better pay scales, proper amenities, future
growth potentialities will attract more people in joining a concern.
4. Planning for Future:
Another important objective of management
is to prepare plans. No management should feel satisfied with today’s work if
it has not thought of tomorrow. Future plans should take into consideration
what is to be done next. Future performance will depend upon present planning.
So, planning for future is essential to help the concern.
Scope or Branches of Management:
Management is an all pervasive
function since it is required in all types of organized endeavor. Thus, its
scope is very large.
The following activities are covered under the scope of
management:
I.
Planning,
II.
Organization
III.
Staffing.
IV.
Directing,
V.
Coordinating, and
VI.
Controlling.
The operational aspects of business
management, called the branches of management, are as follows:
1. Production Management
2. Marketing Management
3. Financial Management.
4. Personnel Management and
5. Office Management.
Different features of management:
Now let's briefly discuss each feature of management.
1. Continuous and never ending process
Management is a Process. It includes
four main functions, viz., Planning, Organizing, Directing and Controlling. The
manager has to Plan and Organize all the activities. He had to give proper
Directions to his subordinates. He also has to Control all the activities. The
manager has to perform these functions continuously. Therefore, management is a
continuous and never ending process.
2. Getting things done through people
The managers do not do the work
themselves. They get the work done through the workers. The workers should not
be treated like slaves. They should not be tricked, threatened or forced to do
the work. A favorable work environment should be created and maintained.
3. Result oriented science and art
Management is result oriented because
it gives a lot of importance to "Results". Examples of Results like,
increase in market share increase in profits, etc. Management always wants to
get the best results at all times.
4. Multidisciplinary in nature
Management has to get the work done
through people. It has to manage people. This is a very difficult job because
different people have different emotions, feelings, aspirations, etc.
Similarly, the same person may have different emotions at different times. So,
management is a very complex job. Therefore, management uses knowledge from
many different subjects such as Economics, Information Technology, Psychology,
Sociology, etc. Therefore, it is multidisciplinary in nature.
5. A group and not an individual activity
Management is not an individual
activity. It is a group activity. It uses group (employees) efforts to achieve
group (owners) objectives. It tries to satisfy the needs and wants of a group
(consumers). Nowadays, importance is given to the team (group) and not to
individuals.
6. Follows established principles or rules
Management follows established
principles, such as division of work, discipline, unity of command, etc. These principles
help to prevent and solve the problems in the organization.
7. Aided but not replaced by computers
Now-a-days, all managers use
computers. Computers help the managers to take accurate decisions. However, computers
can only help management. Computers cannot replace management. This is because
management takes the final responsibility. Thus Management is aided (helped)
but not replaced by computers.
8. Situational in nature
Management makes plans, policies and
decisions according to the situation. It changes its style according to the situation.
It uses different plans, policies, decisions and styles for different
situations. The manager first studies the full present situation. Then he draws
conclusions about the situation. Then he makes
Plans, decisions, etc,which are best
for the present situation. This is called Situational Management.
9. Need not be an ownership
In small organizations, management
and ownership are one and the same. However, in large organizations, management
is separate from ownership. The managers are highly qualified professionals who
are hired from outside. The owners are the shareholders of the company.
10. Both an art and science
Management is result-oriented.
Therefore, it is an Art. Management conducts continuous research. Thus, it is
also a Science.
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