Discuss Theories of Motivation.
Course: General Methods of Teaching
Course code 8601
Level: B.Ed Solved Assignment
Answer:
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
Dim psychological perspectives explain motivation in four different ways, Let “t explore four of these perspectives; behavioral. humanistic, cognitive, and social.
The Behavioral Perspective
According to the behaviorist view of learning, when children are rewarded with pm“! and a sold ml for doing their job correctly, they will look forward to the next mathematics lesson, anticipating another reward. At some time in the past, they mm have been rewarded for similar achievements and this experience acts as a motivator for future learning of a similar type.
For behaviorists, motivation is simply a product of effective contingent reinforcement 80. they emphasize the use of extrinsic reinforcement to stimulate students’ task engagement. The reinforcement can take the form of praise, a smile, an early mark, or loss of privileges such as missing out on the sport.
“Almost all teachers use extrinsic reinforcement in some form to motivate students, although they may not realize they are doing so and may not always use such reinforcement effectively." (Brody, 1992 in Krause, et 1, 2003)
The Humanistic Perspective
The humanist theory of motivation is interesting because it is not only linked to achievement and education but also has implications for students’ welfare and well-being through its concern with basic needs. -It stresses on students’ capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose their destiny, and positive qualities.
There are two theories of motivation from humanistic perspective: (a) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow (1954) perceived motivation in terms of a hierarchy of needs that can also conceive ‘motives’. According to Maslow’s model, once basic physiological needs have been satisfied, efforts are directed toward achieving needs associated with safety, love and belonging, and self-esteem.
b) Roger’s motivation theory
Carl Roger’s 5 ideas are also influential in discussing the nature of motivation and its impact on human lives. Rogers argued that: behavior was influenced by the individual’s perception of both personal and environmental factors. People should listen to their inner voices or innate capacity to judge what is good for themselves, rather than relying on feedback from external sources.Related Topics
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